Accounting Standard 4 - Contingencies and Events occurring after the Balance sheet date
Contingencies
• It’s a condition or situation, the ultimate outcome of which, gain or loss will known or determined only on occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events.
• Contingent losses is determined by unexpected outcome of contingency. It likely to result in loss to the enterprise, then provide loss in financial statements.
• Contingent gains are not recognized in financial statements, since they are not realized. However when realization of gain virtually certain, it is not contingency, accounting for the gain is appropriate.
Events occurring after the balance sheet date
• Those significant events, favorable and unfavorable
• that occur between balance sheet date and date on which financial statements are approved by Board of Directors in case of company or other authority in other case.
What is Adjusting Events?
• Provide further evidence of conditions existed at balance sheet date
• Adjustments to assets and liabilities are required for, events occur after balance sheet date that provide additional information materially affecting the determination of amount relating to condition existing at balance sheet date.
• Ex. Loss on Trade receivable (due to insolvency of customer)
What is Non-Adjusting Events?
• Occur after balance sheet date which do not affect the figures stated in financial statement would not require disclosure in financial statements
• although they may require disclosure in report to enable the user of financial statements to make proper evaluations and decisions.
• Sometimes non-adjusting events reflect in financial statements, because of statue requirements. Ex. Dividend declared after balance sheet date. no liability required for proposed dividend (Disclosed in notes)
In case of Going Concern is not valid
• Events occur after balance sheet date may indicate that the enterprise ceases to be going concern
• A deterioration in operating results and financial position or unusual changes affecting substratum of the enterprise after balance sheet date,
• may indicate to consider fundamental assumption of going concern in preparation of financial statements.
• In case of going concern is not valid, financial statements are prepared on liquidation basis.
Disclosure
• Nature of Events
• An estimate of financial effect or statement that such estimate cannot be made.